1 - The Ottoman State's entry into the war was primarily intended, as announced, to reclaim the lands the state had lost, especially to reclaim Egypt from the British, who had entered it temporarily due to debt but then seized control of it. Therefore, the first battles on the Ottoman front were in Egypt. They believed that by entering the war alongside Germany, they would reclaim some regions.
During that period, the Ottoman State suffered from deep-seated intellectual and political weakness. They did not grasp the dimensions of this war, neither from the perspective of the Shari'ah ruling nor from the perspective of political awareness regarding its implications. Added to this was the infiltration of the Kuffar, especially the British, through Arab and Turkish agents, leading to the well-known tragic end of the war.
2 - Russia's share from signing the Sykes-Picot Agreement was only moral/symbolic. Its share was no more than building a good relationship with Britain and France, hoping that the two countries would overlook its ambitions for some territories of the Ottoman State, particularly the Erzurum region in eastern Turkey, as well as granting it the privilege of protecting Orthodox Christians in Palestine. Therefore, it was stated in the texts of the agreement—Article Three:
"(An international administration shall be established in the region called 'Palestine,' the form of which shall be determined after consultation with Russia...)."
Following this agreement, which was concluded in 1916, Russia occupied Erzurum in 1917.
3 - Regarding Mustafa Kemal, much has been written about his lineage and origin. The most likely view is that his origin is questionable, whether he was from the Donmeh Jews or other hateful Kuffar. Professor Muwaffaq Bani Marjah, in his book Sahwat al-Rajul al-Marid (The Awakening of the Sick Man), cited Dr. Riza Nur, who served as the Deputy Foreign Minister during the era of Mustafa Kemal and later wrote his memoirs. He deposited them in France and Britain, stipulating that they should not be published before 1960. They were published in Turkey in 1968, causing a massive stir due to the "Kemalist" scandals they contained, and were subsequently confiscated by the Turkish state. He cited the following from his aforementioned memoirs:
"Mustafa Kemal was the illegitimate son of a lady from Salonica named Zubeyde, known for her bad reputation. She attributed her son to one of the customs guards in Salonica named Ali Riza Efendi, whom she married later."
Nevertheless, Mustafa Kemal committed criminal acts against the Khilafah and Islam, the likes of which were not even committed by the Jews, the British, or the rest of the colonial Kuffar.
Accept my greetings.
1 July 2004 CE.